paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea
Pronunciation: pair-ox-IZ-mal nok-TUR-nal dis-NEE-ah
Sudden episodes of severe breathlessness that wake patients from sleep, typically associated with heart failure.
Full Definition
Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea (PND) is a distinctive symptom of congestive heart failure characterized by sudden, severe shortness of breath that awakens patients from sleep, usually 2-4 hours after lying down. The condition occurs when fluid redistribution during recumbency increases venous return to the failing heart, leading to pulmonary congestion. Patients typically find relief by sitting upright or standing, distinguishing PND from sleep apnea or other respiratory conditions. This symptom is considered a classic sign of left-sided heart failure and often prompts urgent medical evaluation.
Usage
Usage note: Often abbreviated as PND in clinical documentation; distinguish from orthopnea which is breathlessness when lying flat.
In Context
- "The patient reported paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea episodes occurring three times weekly for the past month." — Clinical assessment
- "PND is often accompanied by sweating and anxiety, making it a distressing symptom for heart failure patients." — Patient education material