pulmonary edema
Fluid accumulation in the lungs, often due to heart failure or increased pulmonary capillary pressure.
Full Definition
Pulmonary edema is the abnormal accumulation of fluid in the lung parenchyma and alveoli, resulting in impaired gas exchange and respiratory distress. It can be classified as cardiogenic (due to elevated left heart pressures from heart failure, mitral valve disease, or acute myocardial infarction) or non-cardiogenic (from increased capillary permeability). Cardiogenic pulmonary edema typically presents with acute dyspnea, orthopnea, frothy sputum, and bilateral crackles on examination. Treatment involves addressing the underlying cause, oxygen therapy, diuretics, and sometimes mechanical ventilation. Chest radiography shows characteristic bilateral infiltrates and may reveal cardiomegaly in cardiogenic cases.
Usage
Usage note: Specify cardiogenic vs. non-cardiogenic when etiology is known.
In Context
- "Acute pulmonary edema secondary to decompensated heart failure required immediate diuretic therapy and oxygen support." — Emergency department assessment
- "Chest X-ray demonstrated bilateral pulmonary edema with prominent vascular markings." — Radiology report