pulmonary hypertension
Elevated pressure in the pulmonary arteries that can lead to right heart failure if untreated.
Full Definition
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is defined as a mean pulmonary arterial pressure ≥25 mmHg at rest, measured during right heart catheterization. The condition is classified into five groups according to the World Health Organization: Group 1 (pulmonary arterial hypertension), Group 2 (left heart disease), Group 3 (lung disease), Group 4 (pulmonary embolism), and Group 5 (multifactorial mechanisms). Symptoms include progressive dyspnea, fatigue, chest pain, and syncope. Physical examination may reveal signs of right heart failure including elevated JVP, tricuspid regurgitation murmur, and peripheral edema. Echocardiography provides initial screening, but definitive diagnosis requires right heart catheterization. Treatment varies by group and includes vasodilators, diuretics, oxygen therapy, and in severe cases, lung transplantation.
Usage
Usage note: Specify WHO group classification when known; distinguish from systemic hypertension.
In Context
- "Right heart catheterization confirmed severe pulmonary hypertension with a mean PAP of 45 mmHg." — Procedural report
- "The patient's Group 1 pulmonary hypertension responded well to targeted vasodilator therapy." — Treatment response