Chordae tendineae rupture
Pronunciation: KOR-day ten-DIN-ee-eye RUP-chur
Mechanical failure of the fibrous cords that anchor heart valve leaflets to papillary muscles, leading to valve regurgitation.
Full Definition
Chordae tendineae rupture represents a catastrophic structural failure of the thin, fibrous cords that connect valve leaflets to papillary muscles, most commonly affecting the mitral valve. This condition can result from degenerative changes, endocarditis, trauma, or rheumatic disease. When chordae rupture, the affected valve leaflet loses its anchoring support, becoming flail and causing severe regurgitation. Pathologically, ruptured chordae appear as torn, frayed fibrous structures, often with evidence of underlying myxomatous degeneration or inflammatory infiltrate. The sudden onset of severe valve regurgitation can lead to acute heart failure.
Usage
Usage note: Use the plural 'chordae tendineae' even when referring to a single cord rupture, as the anatomical structure is inherently plural.
In Context
- "Acute mitral regurgitation secondary to chordae tendineae rupture was evident at autopsy." — Forensic pathology report
- "Multiple ruptured chordae tendineae were identified during valve inspection." — Surgical pathology specimen