endothelial dysfunction
Impaired function of the endothelium characterized by reduced nitric oxide bioavailability and vasodilation.
Full Definition
Endothelial dysfunction represents an early pathophysiological event in atherosclerosis where the endothelial cells lining blood vessels lose their normal regulatory functions. This includes impaired nitric oxide production, reduced vasodilation, increased vascular permeability, and enhanced inflammatory responses. Endothelial dysfunction can be assessed through flow-mediated dilation (FMD) testing or biochemical markers. It serves as both an early marker of cardiovascular risk and a therapeutic target, as interventions that improve endothelial function often correlate with improved cardiovascular outcomes. The condition is reversible with lifestyle modifications and appropriate medical therapy.
Usage
Usage note: Often used as a precursor to atherosclerosis rather than synonymous with it.
In Context
- "Flow-mediated dilation testing revealed significant endothelial dysfunction in this young patient with diabetes." — Vascular function assessment
- "Improvement in endothelial dysfunction was observed after six months of intensive lifestyle modification." — Prevention program outcomes