contrast-induced nephropathy
Acute kidney injury occurring within 48-72 hours of contrast media exposure during cardiac procedures.
Full Definition
Contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) is acute kidney injury that develops within 48-72 hours following exposure to iodinated contrast media during cardiac catheterization or other procedures. CIN is typically defined as an increase in serum creatinine of ≥0.5 mg/dL or ≥25% from baseline. Risk factors include pre-existing chronic kidney disease, diabetes mellitus, advanced age, heart failure, and high contrast volume. Prevention strategies include adequate hydration, use of low-osmolar or iso-osmolar contrast agents, minimizing contrast volume, and avoiding nephrotoxic medications. CIN is usually reversible but can lead to permanent kidney damage in high-risk patients.
Usage
Usage note: Hyphenate 'contrast-induced'; now often termed 'contrast-associated acute kidney injury' in recent literature.
In Context
- "Prophylactic hydration was initiated to reduce the risk of contrast-induced nephropathy in this diabetic patient." — Pre-procedure planning
- "Post-procedural creatinine monitoring revealed contrast-induced nephropathy with 40% increase from baseline." — Complication documentation