intra-aortic balloon pump
A mechanical circulatory support device that assists cardiac function by inflating and deflating a balloon in the aorta.
Full Definition
An intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP) is a mechanical circulatory support device consisting of a balloon catheter placed in the descending thoracic aorta that inflates during diastole and deflates during systole. The device augments diastolic pressure (improving coronary perfusion) while reducing afterload (decreasing myocardial oxygen demand). IABP is commonly used in patients with cardiogenic shock, unstable angina, or as bridge therapy to more definitive treatment. The balloon is timed to the cardiac cycle using ECG or arterial pressure waveforms. Contraindications include severe aortic regurgitation, aortic dissection, and severe peripheral vascular disease. Complications can include limb ischemia, bleeding, and balloon rupture.
Usage
Usage note: IABP is widely accepted abbreviation; distinguish from other mechanical support devices
In Context
- "An intra-aortic balloon pump was inserted for hemodynamic support in the setting of cardiogenic shock." — procedure note
- "The patient was successfully weaned from the intra-aortic balloon pump on postoperative day 3." — progress note