encephalitis
Pronunciation: en-sef-uh-LAHY-tis
Inflammation of the brain tissue, usually caused by viral infection but potentially due to bacterial, autoimmune, or other causes.
Full Definition
Encephalitis is an inflammatory condition of the brain parenchyma that can result from viral, bacterial, parasitic, or autoimmune causes. In pediatric patients, viral encephalitis is most common, with herpes simplex virus being a significant concern due to its potential for severe neurological damage if untreated. Symptoms include fever, altered mental status, seizures, focal neurological deficits, and behavioral changes. Diagnosis typically requires lumbar puncture, neuroimaging, and specific viral studies. Early recognition and treatment are crucial to prevent long-term neurological sequelae including cognitive impairment, seizure disorders, and motor deficits.
Usage
Usage note: Distinguish from meningitis (inflammation of meninges) and specify etiology when identified.
In Context
- "MRI findings and CSF analysis were consistent with herpes simplex encephalitis, prompting immediate antiviral therapy." — Pediatric intensive care unit report