infantile spasms
Pronunciation: IN-fan-tahyl SPAZMS
A specific type of seizure characterized by sudden flexion or extension movements occurring in clusters, typically in the first year of life.
Full Definition
Infantile spasms are a distinctive seizure type that usually begins between 3-12 months of age, characterized by brief, symmetric contractions involving the head, trunk, and extremities. These spasms occur in clusters, often upon awakening, and are frequently associated with developmental regression and a characteristic EEG pattern called hypsarrhythmia. Infantile spasms constitute part of West syndrome, an epileptic encephalopathy that requires urgent treatment with specific therapies like ACTH or vigabatrin to optimize developmental outcomes.
Usage
Usage note: Often part of West syndrome; requires immediate recognition and treatment to prevent developmental deterioration.
In Context
- "Video monitoring confirmed clusters of infantile spasms with corresponding EEG changes consistent with hypsarrhythmia." — Epilepsy monitoring unit report