spasticity
Pronunciation: spas-TIS-ih-tee
A velocity-dependent increase in muscle tone causing stiffness and resistance to passive movement.
Full Definition
Spasticity is a motor disorder characterized by increased muscle tone and exaggerated tendon reflexes resulting from upper motor neuron lesions. The condition presents as velocity-dependent resistance to passive muscle stretch, meaning faster movements encounter greater resistance. In children, spasticity commonly occurs in cerebral palsy, brain injuries, and spinal cord disorders. It can affect single limbs (monoplegia), one side of the body (hemiplegia), both legs (diplegia), or all four limbs (quadriplegia). Spasticity can lead to contractures, pain, and functional limitations if untreated. Management may include physical therapy, oral medications, botulinum toxin injections, or surgical interventions like selective dorsal rhizotomy.
Usage
Usage note: Distinguish from rigidity (not velocity-dependent) and dystonia (involves abnormal postures).
In Context
- "The child's lower extremity spasticity significantly impaired ambulation and required botulinum toxin injections." — Treatment documentation
- "Physical examination revealed spasticity in the right arm with increased deep tendon reflexes and clonus." — Clinical examination