encephalopathy
Pronunciation: en-sef-uh-LOP-uh-thee
General term for any disorder or disease of the brain, particularly those causing altered mental state or cognitive dysfunction.
Full Definition
Encephalopathy is a broad term encompassing any pathological condition affecting brain function, typically manifesting as altered consciousness, confusion, or cognitive impairment. Unlike encephalitis, encephalopathy does not necessarily involve inflammation but rather describes functional brain dysfunction from various causes including metabolic disorders, toxins, hypoxia, or systemic illness. Common types include hepatic encephalopathy, uremic encephalopathy, and hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy. The term requires specific qualification in medical writing to identify the underlying cause, as treatment approaches vary significantly based on etiology.
Usage
Usage note: Always specify the type (hepatic, toxic, metabolic, etc.). Often confused with encephalitis, which specifically involves inflammation.
In Context
- "Hepatic encephalopathy developed as liver function deteriorated in this cirrhotic patient." — case presentation
- "The differential diagnosis included toxic encephalopathy versus infectious encephalitis." — diagnostic workup