hemianopia
Pronunciation: hem-ee-ah-NO-pee-ah
Loss of vision in half the visual field, typically indicating damage to the visual pathways posterior to the optic chiasm.
Full Definition
Hemianopia describes the loss of vision in half of the visual field, most commonly affecting the same side in both eyes (homonymous hemianopia) due to damage to the optic tract, lateral geniculate nucleus, or visual cortex. This condition is frequently seen following stroke, brain tumors, or traumatic brain injury affecting the visual pathways. Hemianopia can be complete or partial, and may be accompanied by visual neglect in cases of parietal lobe involvement. Clinical documentation must specify the type of hemianopia (homonymous, bitemporal, or other variants) and whether the defect is complete or partial. The condition significantly impacts daily activities and requires specific rehabilitation strategies and safety considerations.
Usage
Usage note: Can be spelled hemianopia or hemianopsia; both are acceptable. Distinguish from quadrantanopia (quarter-field loss) and scotoma (localized field defect).
In Context
- "Visual field testing confirmed a complete left homonymous hemianopia consistent with right occipital lobe infarction." — Stroke evaluation report
- "The patient adapted well to driving restrictions necessitated by persistent right hemianopia." — Rehabilitation medicine note