hemispherectomy
Pronunciation: hem-i-sfeer-EK-toh-mee
Surgical procedure involving the removal or disconnection of one cerebral hemisphere, typically performed for severe, intractable epilepsy.
Full Definition
Hemispherectomy is a radical neurosurgical procedure that involves either the anatomical removal (anatomical hemispherectomy) or functional disconnection (functional hemispherectomy) of one cerebral hemisphere. This surgery is primarily performed in children with severe, medically refractory epilepsy involving one hemisphere, often due to conditions such as Rasmussen encephalitis, hemimegalencephaly, or large porencephalic cysts. Modern techniques favor functional hemispherectomy, which involves disconnecting the hemisphere while leaving most tissue in place to reduce complications. Despite the dramatic nature of the surgery, many patients achieve excellent seizure control with surprisingly good functional outcomes due to brain plasticity.
Usage
Usage note: Specify whether anatomical or functional hemispherectomy when precision is required.
In Context
- "The pediatric epilepsy team recommended hemispherectomy after failed medical management of the patient's Rasmussen encephalitis." — Surgical consultation note
- "Post-hemispherectomy outcomes showed complete seizure freedom with preserved cognitive function in the dominant functions." — Follow-up assessment