hydrocephalus
Pronunciation: hahy-droh-SEF-uh-luhs
A condition characterized by excessive accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid within the brain's ventricular system.
Full Definition
Hydrocephalus is a pathological condition involving abnormal accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) within the ventricular system of the brain, leading to ventricular enlargement and potential increased intracranial pressure. The condition may be congenital or acquired, and can result from overproduction of CSF, impaired absorption, or obstruction of CSF flow pathways. Clinical manifestations vary by age, with infants showing macrocephaly and delayed development, while adults may present with gait disturbance, cognitive decline, and incontinence (normal pressure hydrocephalus). Treatment typically involves surgical CSF diversion through ventriculoperitoneal shunting or endoscopic third ventriculostomy, depending on the underlying cause and patient factors.
Usage
Usage note: Specify type (communicating vs. obstructive, normal pressure vs. high pressure) when clinically relevant.
In Context
- "Imaging revealed communicating hydrocephalus with symmetrical enlargement of all ventricles." — Radiology report
- "The patient's progressive gait difficulty and urinary incontinence suggested normal pressure hydrocephalus." — Neurosurgical consultation