hyperreflexia
Pronunciation: high-per-re-FLEX-ee-ah
Abnormally increased or overactive deep tendon reflexes, typically indicating upper motor neuron dysfunction.
Full Definition
Hyperreflexia describes abnormally brisk or exaggerated deep tendon reflexes that may be accompanied by clonus and pathological reflexes such as the Babinski sign. This finding typically indicates damage to upper motor neurons in the brain or spinal cord, distinguishing it from lower motor neuron lesions which cause hyporeflexia. Hyperreflexia is commonly seen in stroke, spinal cord injury, multiple sclerosis, and other conditions affecting corticospinal pathways. Clinical documentation should specify which reflexes are hyperactive and use standardized grading scales (0-4+). The presence of hyperreflexia along with other upper motor neuron signs helps localize neurological lesions and guide diagnostic evaluation.
Usage
Usage note: Use standardized grading (0-4+) when documenting. Distinguish from clonus (rhythmic contractions) and spasticity (velocity-dependent increase in muscle tone).
In Context
- "Examination revealed 4+ hyperreflexia in both lower extremities with sustained ankle clonus." — Spinal cord injury assessment
- "The development of hyperreflexia suggested progression from spinal shock to upper motor neuron syndrome." — Neurosurgery follow-up note