multiple sclerosis
A chronic autoimmune demyelinating disease of the central nervous system, commonly abbreviated as MS in clinical documentation.
Full Definition
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system characterized by multifocal areas of demyelination scattered throughout the brain, spinal cord, and optic nerves. The disease typically follows a relapsing-remitting course initially, with episodes of neurological dysfunction followed by partial or complete recovery. Clinical presentations are highly variable but commonly include visual disturbances, sensory symptoms, motor weakness, coordination problems, and cognitive changes. Diagnosis relies on clinical criteria supported by MRI findings, cerebrospinal fluid analysis, and exclusion of other conditions. Disease-modifying therapies aim to reduce relapse frequency and delay disability progression.
Usage
Usage note: Abbreviate as MS after first use; specify disease subtype (relapsing-remitting, primary progressive, etc.) when clinically relevant.
In Context
- "The patient's multiple sclerosis has been stable on dimethyl fumarate with no new relapses over the past two years." — Neurology clinic note
- "MRI findings of periventricular white matter lesions supported the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis." — Radiology consultation