neurofibroma
A benign peripheral nerve sheath tumor composed of Schwann cells, fibroblasts, and other cell types that can occur sporadically or as part of neurofibromatosis.
Full Definition
Neurofibromas are benign tumors that develop from the nerve sheath, consisting of a mixture of Schwann cells, fibroblasts, mast cells, and axons. They can present as solitary lesions in otherwise healthy individuals or as multiple tumors in patients with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1). Unlike schwannomas, neurofibromas incorporate nerve fibers within the tumor mass, making complete surgical removal more challenging without nerve damage. These tumors are typically soft, skin-colored nodules that may cause pain, numbness, or neurological deficits depending on their location and size. In medical documentation, the distinction between neurofibroma and other nerve sheath tumors is clinically significant for treatment planning and genetic counseling.
In Context
- "Histopathological examination confirmed the diagnosis of plexiform neurofibroma arising from the brachial plexus." — Pathology report
- "Multiple cutaneous neurofibromas were identified during physical examination, supporting the diagnosis of neurofibromatosis type 1." — Clinical genetics consultation