Periapical Abscess
A localised collection of pus at the apex of a tooth root, resulting from bacterial infection of the pulp, visible on radiographs as a periapical radiolucency.
Full Definition
A periapical abscess is an acute or chronic suppurative inflammatory response at the root apex, typically arising from pulp necrosis caused by caries, trauma, or failed endodontic treatment. On a periapical radiograph, an established abscess may manifest as a well- or ill-defined radiolucency surrounding the apex. Acute abscesses may not yet show radiographic changes, making clinical correlation essential. Editors must take care to distinguish 'periapical abscess' from 'periodontal abscess,' which originates from the periodontium rather than the pulp, and from 'periapical granuloma' or 'radicular cyst,' which are other periapical lesions. The term is hyphenated in 'periapical' and never written as two separate words.
Usage
Usage note: Distinguish carefully from 'periodontal abscess,' which is of periodontal rather than pulpal origin. Both terms should appear in full in clinical documents; do not abbreviate.
In Context
- "The periapical radiograph demonstrated a diffuse radiolucency consistent with a periapical abscess at the apex of the mandibular left first molar." — Emergency dental report
- "A periapical abscess was diagnosed, and endodontic treatment was initiated to eliminate the source of infection." — Clinical case notes