Biofilm
A structured community of microorganisms embedded in a self-produced extracellular matrix and adhered to a surface, most commonly tooth enamel or implant surfaces in dental research contexts.
Full Definition
In dental research, a biofilm refers to a complex, organized microbial community—most recognisably dental plaque—that adheres to oral hard and soft tissue surfaces within a protective polysaccharide matrix. Biofilm formation is a sequential process involving initial attachment, colonisation, maturation, and dispersal of bacteria. Its role in the aetiology of caries, periodontal disease, and peri-implant infections makes it a central concept in oral microbiology studies. Editors must distinguish biofilm as a microbiological construct from the colloquial term 'plaque', which is often used interchangeably but carries a narrower clinical meaning. Research manuscripts frequently describe biofilm disruption, accumulation scores, or sampling protocols that require precise editorial handling.
Usage
Usage note: Do not use 'biofilm' and 'dental plaque' interchangeably in microbiological research contexts; biofilm is the broader mechanistic term, while plaque is the clinical descriptor.
In Context
- "Subgingival biofilm composition was analyzed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing at baseline and at six weeks post-treatment." — Methods section of a periodontal clinical trial
- "The implant surface was assessed for biofilm accumulation using scanning electron microscopy." — Materials and methods, implant study