Vertical Dimension of Occlusion
The measured vertical height of the lower face when the teeth are in maximum intercuspation, used to assess and record the relationship of the jaws in the vertical plane.
Full Definition
Vertical dimension of occlusion (VDO) is determined by measuring the distance between two reference points on the face—typically one on the nose and one on the chin—when the patient's teeth are in centric occlusion. It is a critical parameter in orthodontic and prosthetic treatment planning, as changes in VDO affect both facial aesthetics and temporomandibular joint loading. An increased VDO (open bite tendency) or decreased VDO (deep bite) may require correction through orthodontic intrusion, extrusion, or surgical impaction. Editors should note that 'VDO' and 'OVD' (occlusal vertical dimension) are synonymous; be consistent within any single document and distinguish from 'vertical dimension of rest' (VDR).
Usage
Usage note: Both 'VDO' and 'OVD' are in current use; standardise to one form per document. Distinguish clearly from the vertical dimension of rest (VDR), which is measured with the jaw in physiological rest position.
In Context
- "Increasing the vertical dimension of occlusion by 3 mm allowed for sufficient restorative space without compromising mandibular posture." — Prosthodontic–orthodontic treatment planning document
- "The authors should define whether VDO or OVD is preferred and apply it consistently throughout the manuscript." — Manuscript editorial review comment