Excited Delirium
A clinical syndrome characterised by extreme agitation, hyperthermia, superhuman strength, and altered consciousness, often presenting as a psychiatric emergency with high mortality risk.
Full Definition
Excited delirium (ExDS) is a controversial but clinically recognised syndrome involving a constellation of features including severe agitation, hyperthermia, diaphoresis, apparent insensitivity to pain, and sudden collapse. It frequently co-occurs with stimulant intoxication or underlying psychiatric illness. The condition poses significant risk of sudden death, particularly when physical restraint is applied. Editors working in emergency psychiatry documents should note that the term remains debated in professional literature, with some bodies (including the AMA) declining to recognise it as a formal diagnosis. Use precise language when distinguishing this term from 'agitated delirium' or general 'acute agitation.'
Usage
Usage note: Use with care: the nosological status of this term is disputed. When editing, check whether the author's institution or target journal accepts or rejects the term, and flag accordingly.
In Context
- "The emergency department protocol differentiates excited delirium from standard agitation by the presence of hyperthermia and apparent analgesia." — Clinical protocol document
- "Authors should note that 'excited delirium' is a contested term and may require a qualifying clause when used in peer-reviewed submissions." — Editorial style guide