macrosomia
Pronunciation: mak-roh-SOH-mee-ah
Excessive fetal growth resulting in birth weight above the 90th percentile or exceeding 4,000-4,500 grams.
Full Definition
Macrosomia refers to excessive fetal growth, typically defined as an estimated fetal weight above the 90th percentile for gestational age or an absolute birth weight exceeding 4,000 grams (some definitions use 4,500 grams). This condition is commonly associated with maternal diabetes mellitus, both pre-gestational and gestational, due to fetal hyperinsulinemia in response to maternal hyperglycemia. Other risk factors include maternal obesity, previous history of macrosomia, and prolonged pregnancy. Macrosomia increases the risk of birth trauma, shoulder dystocia, cesarean delivery, and neonatal hypoglycemia. Prenatal diagnosis is made through ultrasound biometry, though accuracy in predicting actual birth weight has limitations.
Usage
Usage note: Often used interchangeably with LGA, though technical definitions may differ slightly.
In Context
- "Third-trimester ultrasound revealed fetal macrosomia with an estimated fetal weight of 4,200 grams at 37 weeks." — Ultrasound report
- "Maternal diabetes was well-controlled, but fetal macrosomia developed despite optimal glycemic management." — Endocrinology consultation