shoulder dystocia
Obstetric emergency where fetal shoulders become impacted behind the maternal symphysis pubis after delivery of the head.
Full Definition
Shoulder dystocia is an unpredictable obstetric emergency that occurs when one or both fetal shoulders become impacted behind the maternal symphysis pubis or sacral promontory after delivery of the fetal head. This complication occurs in 0.6-1.4% of vaginal deliveries and can result in serious maternal and neonatal morbidity. Risk factors include fetal macrosomia, maternal diabetes, prolonged labor, and previous history of shoulder dystocia. Management requires immediate recognition and implementation of specific maneuvers such as McRoberts maneuver, suprapubic pressure, and episiotomy. Complications may include brachial plexus injury, clavicular fracture, and postpartum hemorrhage.
Usage
Usage note: Document specific maneuvers used and time to resolution for medicolegal purposes.
In Context
- "Shoulder dystocia was successfully managed with McRoberts maneuver and suprapubic pressure." — Delivery operative note