KRAS mutation
Pronunciation: KAY-ras
Also written as: KRAS — Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog
A genetic alteration in the KRAS gene commonly found in gastrointestinal cancers that affects treatment options.
Full Definition
KRAS mutations are genetic alterations in the KRAS oncogene that occur in approximately 40-50% of colorectal cancers and 95% of pancreatic cancers. These mutations lead to constitutive activation of cellular growth pathways and are associated with resistance to certain targeted therapies, particularly EGFR inhibitors like cetuximab and panitumumab. Testing for KRAS mutations is now standard practice in colorectal cancer management to guide treatment decisions. Patients with KRAS-mutated tumors typically do not respond to anti-EGFR therapy and require alternative treatment approaches.
Usage
Usage note: Always capitalize KRAS; distinguish from wild-type status in clinical contexts.
In Context
- "Molecular testing revealed a KRAS mutation in codon 12, precluding the use of cetuximab in the treatment regimen." — Pathology report
- "The patient's KRAS-mutated colorectal cancer was treated with FOLFOX chemotherapy instead of anti-EGFR therapy." — Oncology treatment plan