necrotizing enterocolitis
Inflammatory bowel condition primarily affecting premature infants, potentially leading to bowel perforation.
Full Definition
A serious inflammatory condition of the intestine that predominantly affects premature infants, characterized by mucosal injury, bacterial invasion, and potential progression to transmural necrosis and perforation. The pathophysiology involves immature intestinal barrier function, altered microbiome, and inflammatory cascade activation. Clinical presentation includes feeding intolerance, abdominal distension, bloody stools, and systemic signs of sepsis. Radiographic findings include pneumatosis intestinalis, portal venous gas, and free air if perforation occurs. Management ranges from medical treatment with bowel rest and antibiotics to surgical intervention for perforation or clinical deterioration.
Usage
Usage note: Use 'NEC' abbreviation only after full term is established. Stage according to Bell's criteria when applicable.
In Context
- "The abdominal radiograph revealed pneumatosis intestinalis consistent with necrotizing enterocolitis." — radiology report
- "Surgical exploration revealed extensive necrotizing enterocolitis requiring resection of 40 cm of necrotic ileum." — operative note