HPV
Also written as: HPV — human papillomavirus
Human papillomavirus, a sexually transmitted infection that can cause cervical cancer and genital warts.
Full Definition
Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a group of more than 200 related viruses, with more than 40 types transmitted through sexual contact. High-risk HPV types (particularly types 16 and 18) are responsible for approximately 70% of cervical cancers and precancerous cervical lesions. Low-risk HPV types (such as types 6 and 11) typically cause benign genital warts. HPV testing is now an integral part of cervical cancer screening programs, often performed alongside or as an alternative to Pap smears. Most HPV infections are transient and cleared by the immune system, but persistent infections with high-risk types can lead to malignancy.
Usage
Usage note: Always specify high-risk vs. low-risk types when relevant to patient care.
In Context
- "The patient tested positive for high-risk HPV type 16 on her cervical screening." — Laboratory report
- "HPV vaccination is recommended for adolescents before sexual activity begins." — Prevention counseling