parametrium
Pronunciation: par-ah-MEE-tree-um
The connective tissue and smooth muscle surrounding the cervix and upper vagina, extending to the pelvic sidewall.
Full Definition
The parametrium is the fibrous and muscular connective tissue that surrounds the cervix and upper portion of the vagina, extending laterally to the pelvic sidewalls. This structure contains the cardinal ligaments (Mackenrodt's ligaments), blood vessels including the uterine arteries, lymphatics, and autonomic nerve fibers. The parametrium provides crucial support to the cervix and upper vagina and is an important consideration in gynecologic oncology, particularly in cases of cervical cancer where parametrial involvement affects staging and treatment decisions. Surgical procedures like radical hysterectomy involve careful dissection of parametrial tissue.
Usage
Usage note: Singular form; plural is parametria. Critical term in gynecologic oncology staging.
In Context
- "MRI showed no evidence of parametrial invasion by the cervical tumor." — Oncology staging report
- "The parametrium was carefully dissected during the radical hysterectomy to ensure clear margins." — Operative report