Professional
Technical
IVT
extracapsular extension
Tumor growth beyond the capsule of a lymph node, indicating aggressive disease.
Full Definition
Extracapsular extension occurs when metastatic tumor cells break through the fibrous capsule of a lymph node and invade surrounding tissues. This finding significantly worsens prognosis and typically requires more aggressive treatment including adjuvant chemoradiation. The presence of extracapsular extension upstages the nodal classification in TNM staging and influences surgical planning for neck dissection. Radiologic detection involves specific imaging criteria on CT and MRI.
Usage
Usage note: Critical prognostic factor that affects staging and treatment recommendations.
In Context
- "Pathology revealed extracapsular extension in three of seven positive lymph nodes." — surgical pathology report
- "The presence of extracapsular extension mandated adjuvant chemoradiation therapy." — treatment planning note
Also known as
ECE
extranodal extension
capsular rupture
Contrasted with
intracapsular disease
Don't confuse with
lymphovascular invasion
perineural invasion