hypercalcemia of malignancy
Elevated serum calcium caused by cancer, often seen in hematologic malignancies. Oncologic emergency requiring prompt treatment.
Full Definition
Hypercalcemia of malignancy is a paraneoplastic syndrome characterized by elevated serum calcium levels due to cancer-related mechanisms, commonly seen in multiple myeloma, lymphomas, and other hematologic malignancies. The hypercalcemia can result from osteolytic bone lesions (as in myeloma), production of parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP), or enhanced calcitriol production (particularly in lymphomas). Clinical manifestations include fatigue, confusion, kidney dysfunction, bone pain, and cardiac arrhythmias. This condition represents an oncologic emergency requiring immediate treatment with hydration, bisphosphonates, and addressing the underlying malignancy.
Usage
Usage note: Hyphenate when used as a compound modifier. Always specify 'of malignancy' to distinguish from other causes.
In Context
- "The patient presented with hypercalcemia of malignancy requiring urgent bisphosphonate therapy." — Emergency department note
- "Hypercalcemia of malignancy is the most common cause of elevated calcium in hospitalized patients." — Medical education material