neutropenia
Pronunciation: new-tro-PEE-nee-ah
A condition characterized by an abnormally low number of neutrophils in the peripheral blood.
Full Definition
Neutropenia is defined as an absolute neutrophil count (ANC) below the normal range, typically less than 1,500 cells per microliter in adults. The condition significantly increases susceptibility to bacterial and fungal infections, with risk correlating directly with the severity and duration of neutropenia. Severe neutropenia (ANC < 500/μL) represents a medical emergency requiring prompt intervention. Common causes in hematologic oncology include chemotherapy-induced myelosuppression, bone marrow infiltration by malignant cells, and radiation therapy effects. Management focuses on infection prevention, early recognition of febrile neutropenia, and appropriate antimicrobial therapy.
Usage
Usage note: Distinguished from leukopenia, which refers to low white blood cell count overall, and agranulocytosis, which is severe neutropenia with virtual absence of granulocytes.
In Context
- "The patient developed severe neutropenia following the second cycle of chemotherapy." — Clinical progress note
- "Prophylactic growth factor support was initiated to prevent chemotherapy-induced neutropenia." — Treatment plan