macrosomia
Pronunciation: mak-roh-SOH-mee-ah
Fetal overgrowth condition typically defined as estimated fetal weight exceeding 4000g or 4500g depending on institutional criteria.
Full Definition
Macrosomia refers to excessive fetal growth, most commonly defined as an estimated fetal weight above 4000g (8 pounds 13 ounces) or 4500g (9 pounds 15 ounces) at term. The condition affects 5-10% of pregnancies and is strongly associated with maternal diabetes, previous history of macrosomia, maternal obesity, and prolonged pregnancy. Macrosomic infants face increased risks of birth trauma including shoulder dystocia, brachial plexus injury, and clavicular fractures. Maternal complications include increased cesarean delivery rates, operative vaginal delivery, and postpartum hemorrhage. Accurate diagnosis relies on ultrasound biometry, though estimation becomes less reliable at higher weights.
Usage
Usage note: Weight thresholds vary by institution; editors should verify specific criteria used.
In Context
- "Third trimester ultrasound demonstrated fetal macrosomia with an estimated fetal weight in the 95th percentile." — Prenatal ultrasound report
- "The diabetic mother's pregnancy was complicated by macrosomia, necessitating delivery planning to minimize birth trauma." — Obstetric consultation note