postpartum hemorrhage
Excessive bleeding following childbirth, defined by specific blood loss thresholds.
Full Definition
Postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) is defined as blood loss exceeding 500 mL after vaginal delivery or 1,000 mL after cesarean delivery, or any amount causing hemodynamic instability. PPH can be classified as primary (within 24 hours) or secondary (24 hours to 12 weeks postpartum). Common causes include uterine atony, retained placental tissue, genital tract trauma, and coagulation disorders, remembered by the mnemonic "4 Ts": Tone, Tissue, Trauma, and Thrombin. Management involves identifying and treating the underlying cause while supporting hemodynamic stability through fluid resuscitation, uterotonics, and potentially surgical intervention.
Usage
Usage note: Distinguish primary vs. secondary timing; quantify blood loss when documented.
In Context
- "Primary postpartum hemorrhage required massage, methylergonovine, and blood transfusion." — Delivery complication report
- "The patient returned with secondary postpartum hemorrhage at 6 weeks postpartum." — Emergency department visit