shoulder dystocia
An obstetric emergency where fetal shoulders become impacted after delivery of the head.
Full Definition
Shoulder dystocia is a delivery complication occurring when the fetal anterior shoulder becomes trapped behind the maternal pubic symphysis after head delivery, preventing normal completion of birth. This emergency situation is unpredictable and requires immediate intervention through specific maneuvers such as McRoberts position, suprapubic pressure, or internal rotation techniques. Risk factors include fetal macrosomia, maternal diabetes, and prolonged second stage of labor, though most cases occur without identifiable risk factors. The condition poses risks of brachial plexus injury, clavicular fracture, and maternal complications including postpartum hemorrhage.
Usage
Usage note: Document specific maneuvers used and timing of resolution; affects neonatal monitoring protocols.
In Context
- "Shoulder dystocia was managed successfully with McRoberts maneuver and suprapubic pressure." — Delivery operative note
- "The infant was evaluated for brachial plexus injury following shoulder dystocia." — Neonatal assessment