cytopenia
Pronunciation: SIGH-toe-PEE-nee-ah
Reduction in the number of one or more types of blood cells below normal levels.
Full Definition
Cytopenia refers to a decrease in the number of circulating blood cells, which can affect red blood cells (anemia), white blood cells (leukopenia), platelets (thrombocytopenia), or multiple cell lines (pancytopenia). In oncology, cytopenia is commonly caused by chemotherapy, radiation therapy, bone marrow infiltration by malignant cells, or nutritional deficiencies. The severity is often graded using standardized scales such as CTCAE criteria. Management may include dose modifications, growth factor support, transfusions, or treatment delays. Monitoring blood counts is essential during cancer treatment to prevent severe complications such as infection, bleeding, or severe anemia.
Usage
Usage note: Distinguish from specific cytopenias (neutropenia, thrombocytopenia) which refer to individual cell line deficiencies.
In Context
- "Grade 3 cytopenia required a 25% dose reduction in the subsequent chemotherapy cycle." — Treatment modification note
- "The patient developed progressive cytopenia secondary to bone marrow infiltration by acute leukemia." — Hematology consultation