hypercalcemia of malignancy
Elevated serum calcium levels caused by cancer, representing the most common paraneoplastic syndrome and an oncologic emergency.
Full Definition
Hypercalcemia of malignancy is the most frequent paraneoplastic syndrome, occurring in 10-20% of cancer patients. It most commonly results from parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) secretion by tumors or from osteolytic bone metastases. The condition can cause fatigue, confusion, kidney dysfunction, and cardiac arrhythmias. It requires prompt treatment with hydration, bisphosphonates, and management of the underlying malignancy. Hypercalcemia of malignancy often indicates advanced disease and carries a poor prognosis.
Usage
Usage note: Distinguish from other causes of hypercalcemia; often indicates advanced malignancy.
In Context
- "The patient presented with hypercalcemia of malignancy requiring urgent treatment." — emergency department note
- "Bisphosphonate therapy was initiated for hypercalcemia of malignancy." — treatment plan