minimal residual disease
Small numbers of cancer cells remaining after treatment that are undetectable by standard imaging or clinical examination.
Full Definition
Minimal residual disease (MRD) refers to the presence of small numbers of cancer cells that persist after treatment and are below the detection threshold of conventional diagnostic methods such as imaging or morphologic examination. MRD can be detected using highly sensitive techniques including flow cytometry, PCR-based assays, next-generation sequencing, or circulating tumor DNA analysis. The presence of MRD often predicts disease relapse and may guide treatment decisions such as the need for additional therapy or intensified surveillance. MRD assessment has become increasingly important in hematologic malignancies and is being explored in solid tumors.
Usage
Usage note: Specify the detection method and sensitivity threshold when reporting MRD results.
In Context
- "Flow cytometry detected minimal residual disease at 0.01% blast cells." — Bone marrow analysis
- "MRD negativity was achieved after consolidation chemotherapy." — Treatment response assessment