pleural effusion
Abnormal accumulation of fluid in the pleural space, often malignant in oncology patients.
Full Definition
Pleural effusion refers to the abnormal accumulation of fluid between the visceral and parietal pleural membranes surrounding the lungs. In oncology patients, pleural effusions may be malignant (containing cancer cells), paramalignant (caused by tumor effects without direct pleural involvement), or treatment-related. Malignant pleural effusion indicates advanced cancer stage in most solid tumors and significantly impacts prognosis. Diagnostic workup typically includes thoracentesis with cytological examination, pleural fluid chemistry, and flow cytometry. Treatment approaches include therapeutic thoracentesis, pleurodesis, or indwelling pleural catheters depending on patient condition and prognosis.
Usage
Usage note: May be qualified as malignant, paramalignant, or benign based on cytology results.
In Context
- "CT imaging revealed a large right-sided pleural effusion requiring drainage." — Radiology report
- "Cytology of the pleural effusion confirmed malignant cells consistent with adenocarcinoma." — Pathology report