pneumonitis
Pronunciation: new-muh-NY-tis
Lung inflammation adverse event commonly associated with cancer immunotherapy.
Full Definition
Pneumonitis is an inflammatory condition of the lungs that has emerged as a significant immune-related adverse event, particularly associated with immune checkpoint inhibitors. Unlike infectious pneumonia, pneumonitis is typically sterile inflammation that can range from asymptomatic radiological changes to severe respiratory compromise requiring intensive care. The condition is characterized by ground-glass opacities, consolidation, or other inflammatory changes on chest imaging. Management typically involves treatment interruption or discontinuation and immunosuppressive therapy with corticosteroids. Pneumonitis is considered an immune-related adverse event requiring specific monitoring and management protocols.
Usage
Usage note: Distinguish from infectious pneumonia; pneumonitis is typically sterile inflammation.
In Context
- "Grade 3 pneumonitis developed after four cycles of anti-PD-1 therapy." — Immune-related adverse event report
- "The pneumonitis resolved completely with high-dose corticosteroid treatment." — Clinical case management summary