pneumoperitoneum
Pronunciation: noo-moh-pair-ih-toh-NEE-um
The intentional insufflation of carbon dioxide gas into the peritoneal cavity to create working space during laparoscopic surgery.
Full Definition
Pneumoperitoneum refers to the controlled introduction of carbon dioxide (CO₂) gas into the peritoneal cavity to distend the abdomen and create adequate visualization and working space for laparoscopic procedures. This technique separates organs and provides a clear view of anatomical structures while maintaining patient safety. CO₂ is preferred because it is highly soluble in blood and rapidly absorbed, reducing the risk of gas embolism. The gas is typically introduced through a Veress needle or through the initial trocar.
Usage
Usage note: Distinguished from pathological pneumoperitoneum (air in abdomen due to perforation).
In Context
- "Pneumoperitoneum was established with CO₂ insufflation to 15 mmHg pressure." — Operative report
- "The pneumoperitoneum was safely evacuated at the conclusion of the procedure." — Surgical procedure note