exchange transfusion
Procedure removing infant's blood while simultaneously replacing it with donor blood to treat severe hyperbilirubinemia.
Full Definition
Exchange transfusion is an intensive procedure used to rapidly reduce bilirubin levels and remove sensitized red blood cells in cases of severe neonatal hyperbilirubinemia or hemolytic disease. The procedure involves the alternating removal and infusion of small volumes of blood through umbilical or central venous catheters, typically replacing 160-200% of the infant's blood volume. It effectively removes bilirubin, maternal antibodies, and damaged red blood cells while providing compatible blood cells and correcting anemia.
Usage
Usage note: Distinguish from simple blood transfusion. Document pre- and post-procedure bilirubin levels.
In Context
- "Emergency exchange transfusion was performed for bilirubin levels of 25 mg/dL despite intensive phototherapy." — critical care note
- "The double volume exchange transfusion reduced the bilirubin from 28 to 14 mg/dL." — procedure summary