NEC
Pronunciation: neck
Also written as: NEC — Necrotizing Enterocolitis
Serious gastrointestinal condition affecting premature infants involving inflammation and tissue death of the intestinal wall.
Full Definition
Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a devastating gastrointestinal emergency predominantly affecting preterm infants, characterized by inflammation, ischemia, and necrosis of the intestinal mucosa and deeper layers. Clinical presentation includes feeding intolerance, abdominal distension, bloody stools, and systemic signs of sepsis. Diagnosis is supported by radiographic findings such as pneumatosis intestinalis, portal venous gas, or pneumoperitoneum. Treatment ranges from medical management with bowel rest and antibiotics to surgical intervention for perforation or refractory cases.
Usage
Usage note: Use staging system (I-III) when documenting severity. Always capitalize as abbreviation.
In Context
- "The 28-week infant developed NEC stage II with pneumatosis intestinalis on abdominal X-ray." — critical care assessment
- "NEC prevention protocols include breast milk feeding and careful advancement of enteral nutrition." — practice guideline