pneumothorax
Pronunciation: new-mo-THOR-aks
Accumulation of air in the pleural space causing lung collapse, a serious complication requiring immediate intervention in neonates.
Full Definition
Pneumothorax occurs when air accumulates in the pleural space, leading to partial or complete collapse of the lung. In neonates, this condition may be spontaneous, particularly in term infants during the first breaths, or secondary to mechanical ventilation, resuscitation efforts, or underlying lung disease. Tension pneumothorax is a life-threatening emergency requiring immediate needle decompression or chest tube placement to restore adequate ventilation and circulation.
Usage
Usage note: Distinguish from other pleural conditions; ensure proper identification of tension vs. simple pneumothorax.
In Context
- "The sudden deterioration in the ventilated infant prompted immediate chest X-ray, revealing a right-sided pneumothorax." — emergency response documentation
- "Tension pneumothorax was decompressed with emergency needle thoracostomy before chest tube placement." — procedure note