small for gestational age
A classification for infants whose birth weight falls below the 10th percentile for their gestational age, indicating intrauterine growth restriction.
Full Definition
Small for gestational age (SGA) is a classification used to identify infants whose birth weight, length, or head circumference falls below the 10th percentile for their gestational age according to standardized growth charts. SGA infants may be born at term or preterm but have experienced intrauterine growth restriction due to factors such as placental insufficiency, maternal hypertension, genetic conditions, or intrauterine infections. These infants are at increased risk for hypoglycemia, hypothermia, polycythemia, and long-term complications including metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease. SGA infants require careful monitoring of blood glucose levels, feeding support, and close developmental follow-up to assess for catch-up growth and neurodevelopmental outcomes.
Usage
Usage note: Often abbreviated as SGA; specify percentile when known
In Context
- "The term infant was classified as small for gestational age with a birth weight at the 5th percentile." — Neonatal assessment
- "Small for gestational age infants require frequent glucose monitoring to prevent hypoglycemia." — Clinical protocol