hyperbilirubinemia
Pronunciation: hi-per-bil-ih-roo-bih-NEE-mee-ah
Elevated levels of bilirubin in newborn blood, potentially causing jaundice and requiring treatment to prevent brain damage.
Full Definition
Hyperbilirubinemia refers to elevated serum bilirubin levels in newborns, commonly presenting as visible jaundice (yellowing of skin and sclera). This condition occurs due to immature liver function, increased red blood cell breakdown, or various pathological conditions. Severe untreated hyperbilirubinemia can lead to kernicterus, a form of brain damage affecting hearing, movement, and intellectual development. Treatment modalities include phototherapy, exchange transfusion, and addressing underlying causes. Risk factors include prematurity, blood group incompatibilities, breastfeeding difficulties, and certain genetic conditions. Monitoring protocols involve serial bilirubin measurements and assessment using hour-specific nomograms.
Usage
Usage note: Often shortened to 'hyperbili' in informal clinical communication, but use full term in formal documentation.
In Context
- "The term infant developed severe hyperbilirubinemia requiring immediate phototherapy and close monitoring." — Emergency department report
- "Risk-based management of hyperbilirubinemia includes assessment of maternal blood type and infant feeding patterns." — Clinical practice guideline