hypoglycemia
Abnormally low blood glucose levels in newborns, potentially causing neurological damage if severe or prolonged.
Full Definition
A metabolic condition characterized by blood glucose concentrations below the normal range for age and clinical status, with operational thresholds typically around 40-45 mg/dL in term newborns and 25-35 mg/dL in preterm infants during the first 24 hours of life. Neonatal hypoglycemia can result from inadequate glucose production, excessive glucose utilization, or hyperinsulinism, often seen in infants of diabetic mothers, growth-restricted infants, or those with perinatal stress. Symptoms may include jitteriness, seizures, apnea, lethargy, feeding difficulties, and temperature instability. Prompt recognition and treatment are essential to prevent permanent neurodevelopmental impairment, as the neonatal brain is particularly vulnerable to glucose deficiency.
Usage
Usage note: Single word, not hyphenated; specify neonatal context when relevant.
In Context
- "Serial glucose monitoring revealed persistent hypoglycemia requiring continuous glucose infusion." — Progress note
- "The infant of a diabetic mother developed symptomatic hypoglycemia within two hours of birth." — Admission note