necrotizing enterocolitis
A serious gastrointestinal disease primarily affecting premature infants, characterized by inflammation and death of intestinal tissue.
Full Definition
A devastating gastrointestinal emergency that predominantly affects premature infants, characterized by inflammation and necrosis of the intestinal wall. NEC typically occurs in the first few weeks of life and is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in very low birth weight infants. The exact cause is multifactorial, involving intestinal immaturity, abnormal bacterial colonization, and feeding practices. Clinical signs include feeding intolerance, abdominal distension, bloody stools, and in severe cases, intestinal perforation. Treatment ranges from conservative medical management to surgical intervention depending on the severity and extent of intestinal involvement.
Usage
Usage note: Often abbreviated as NEC; Bell's staging system should be referenced when applicable.
In Context
- "The preterm infant developed Bell's Stage II necrotizing enterocolitis requiring discontinuation of enteral feedings." — Clinical progress note
- "Exclusive human milk feeding has been shown to reduce the incidence of necrotizing enterocolitis in very low birth weight infants." — Research publication