persistent pulmonary hypertension
Also written as: PPHN — Persistent Pulmonary Hypertension of the Newborn
Life-threatening condition where elevated pulmonary vascular resistance prevents normal transition to extrauterine circulation in newborns.
Full Definition
Persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN) is a serious condition characterized by sustained elevation of pulmonary vascular resistance after birth, preventing the normal transition from fetal to adult circulation patterns. This results in right-to-left shunting through fetal pathways (ductus arteriosus and foramen ovale), causing severe hypoxemia despite adequate ventilation. PPHN can be primary (idiopathic) or secondary to conditions such as meconium aspiration, sepsis, or congenital diaphragmatic hernia. Treatment strategies include optimal oxygenation and ventilation, inhaled nitric oxide therapy, sedation to reduce stress, and potentially extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for refractory cases.
Usage
Usage note: Specify 'of the newborn' to distinguish from adult pulmonary hypertension; PPHN acceptable after first use.
In Context
- "The term infant with meconium aspiration developed persistent pulmonary hypertension requiring inhaled nitric oxide therapy." — Cardiothoracic consultation
- "Echocardiography confirmed persistent pulmonary hypertension with suprasystemic pulmonary pressures and right heart strain." — Diagnostic imaging report