cavernous sinus syndrome

Full Definition

Cavernous sinus syndrome results from pathology within or adjacent to the cavernous sinus, affecting cranial nerves III, IV, V1, V2, and VI. Patients typically present with painful ophthalmoplegia, ptosis, and diminished sensation in the trigeminal nerve distribution. Common causes include carotid-cavernous fistulas, thrombosis, aneurysms, tumors, and inflammatory conditions. The syndrome may be unilateral or bilateral and requires urgent neuroimaging and ophthalmologic evaluation. Treatment depends on the underlying etiology and may involve anticoagulation, surgical intervention, or immunosuppression.

In Context

• "The patient's cavernous sinus syndrome secondary to thrombosis required immediate anticoagulation." — Treatment plan
• "MRI confirmed cavernous sinus syndrome with enhancement of the left cavernous sinus." — Imaging report