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central chromatolysis
Dispersal of Nissl substance in neurons following axonal injury, indicating cell body response to damage.
Full Definition
Central chromatolysis is a morphological change in neurons characterized by the dissolution and peripheral displacement of Nissl substance (rough endoplasmic reticulum) within the cell body. This change typically occurs in response to axonal injury and represents the neuron's attempt to upregulate protein synthesis for repair processes. The nucleus becomes eccentrically placed, and the cell body may swell. This finding is most commonly observed in motor neurons and large projection neurons following axotomy or ischemic injury.
Usage
Usage note: Distinguish from generalized chromatolysis; indicates specific axonal injury response.
In Context
- "Central chromatolysis was evident in facial motor neurons following nerve transection." — Peripheral nerve injury study
- "The anterior horn cells showed central chromatolysis consistent with axonal damage." — Spinal cord pathology report
Also known as
axonal reaction
retrograde reaction
Contrasted with
normal Nissl distribution
Don't confuse with
chromatolysis
neuronal swelling