chromatolysis
Pronunciation: kroh-MAT-oh-lie-sis
Dissolution of Nissl substance in neuronal cell bodies, indicating cellular stress or axonal injury in neuropathological specimens.
Full Definition
A pathological process involving the dispersal or dissolution of Nissl substance (rough endoplasmic reticulum) within neuronal cytoplasm, resulting in loss of the characteristic basophilic staining pattern. This phenomenon typically occurs in response to axonal injury, metabolic stress, or toxic insults, and represents an attempt by the neuron to shift from neurotransmitter synthesis to repair protein production. Chromatolysis can be central (affecting the entire cell body) or peripheral (sparing the perinuclear region), with the pattern providing insights into the nature and severity of neuronal injury. In editorial review, proper distinction between chromatolysis and normal variations in Nissl substance distribution is crucial for accurate pathological interpretation.
Usage
Usage note: Often preceded by adjectives like 'central' or 'peripheral' to specify the pattern.
In Context
- "Central chromatolysis was evident in motor neurons within 48 hours of peripheral nerve transection." — Experimental study
- "The degree of chromatolysis varied significantly between different neuronal populations in the affected brainstem nuclei." — Case report